We invented the majority of the world's great sports. British Prime Minister John Major was more explicit in 1995: Some historians – most notably Bernard Lewis – claim that team sports as we know them today are primarily an invention of Western culture. A polished bone implement found at Eva in Tennessee, United States and dated to around 5000 BCE has been construed as a possible sporting device used in a "ring and pin" game. Among other sports that originated in Persia are polo and jousting. Ancient Persian sports include the traditional Iranian martial art of Zourkhaneh. Gymnastics appears to have been a popular sport in China's ancient past. The Mayan ballgame of Pitz is believed to be the first ball sport, as it was first played around 2500 BCE.There are artifacts and structures that suggest that the Chinese engaged in sporting activities as early as 2000 BCE. The Mesoamerican ballgame originated over three thousand years ago. Sports that are at least two and a half thousand years old include hurling in Ancient Ireland, shinty in Scotland, harpastum (similar to rugby) in Rome, cuju (similar to association football) in China, and polo in Persia. The Heraean Games, held in Olympia as early as the 6th century BCE, were the first recorded sporting competition for women. the Panathenaia of Athens, included musical, reading and other non-athletic contests in addition to regular sports-events. Together with the Olympics, these were the most prestigious games, and formed the Panhellenic Games. Other important sporting events in ancient Greece included the Isthmian games, the Nemean Games, and the Pythian Games. The prizes for the victors were wreaths of laurel leaves. During the celebration of the games, an Olympic Truce was enacted so that athletes could travel from their countries to the games in safety. Initially a single sprinting event, the Olympics gradually expanded to include several footraces, run in the nude or in armor, boxing, wrestling, pankration, chariot racing, long jump, javelin throw, and discus throw. These games took place every four years, or Olympiad, which became a unit of time in historical chronologies.
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It was in Greece that sports were first instituted formally, with the first Olympic Games recorded in 776 BCE in Olympia, where they were celebrated until 393 CE. In the Odyssey, king Odysseus of Ithaca proves his royal status to king Alkinoös of the Phaiakes by showing his proficiency in throwing the javelin.
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Engaging in sport is described as the occupation of the noble and wealthy, who have no need to do manual labour themselves. The Iliad includes extensive descriptions of funeral games held in honour of deceased warriors, such as those held for Patroclus by Achilles. The origins of Greek sporting festivals may date to funeral games of the Mycenean period, between 1600 BCE and c. The Minoan art of Bronze Age Crete depict ritual sporting events - thus a fresco dating to 1500 BCE records gymnastics in the form of religious bull-leaping and possibly bullfighting.
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Fishing hooks not unlike those made today have been found during excavations at Ur, showing evidence of angling in Sumer at around 2600 BCE.
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The Sumerian king Shulgi also boasts of his prowess in sport in the Self-praise of Shulgi A, B, and C. The cuneiform tablets recording the tale date to around 2000 BCE however, the historical Gilgamesh is supposed to have lived around 2800 to 2600 BCE. The Epic of Gilgamesh gives one of the first historical records of sport with Gilgamesh engaging in a form of belt wrestling with Enkidu. The origins of boxing have also been traced to ancient Sumer. The statue is one of the earliest depictions of sport and is housed in the National Museum of Iraq. A cast Bronze figurine, (perhaps the base of a vase) has been found at Khafaji in Iraq that shows two figures in a wrestling hold that dates to around 2600 BCE. One showing three pairs of wrestlers was generally dated to around 3000 BCE. Various representations of wrestlers have been found on stone slabs recovered from the Sumerian civilization. An Egyptian burial chamber mural, from the tomb of Khnumhotep and Niankhkhnum dating to around 2400 BCE, showing wrestlers in action